MR is a disability that has to do with how well, or how fast a person can think and learn. They vary in their reading skills and mathematical abilities. It is difficult for them to think in abstract terms and adapting what he/she hears to everyday situations. Since they are slower to grasp ideas, they have difficulty solving complex problems. Math is all about solving complex problems, so this is a struggle for them. As teachers and parents we have to learn how to adapt instruction for our students, and change what we typically think of as "math". I have listed some links and a video that can hopefully answer questions you might have about different ways of teaching math or incorporating math into the lessons or MR students.
Teaching Mathematics to Students With Mild-to-Moderate
Mental Retardation: A Review of the Literature
Here is a link that shows a journal article that talks about teaching math to students with mild to moderate MR.
Characteristics of Children with Mental Retardation
Here is a link that talks about some characteristics of children with MR. This is helpful for teaching Math because you will know what to expect as far as memory and have some sort of starting point.
Fun Kids Math Games
Here is a link that uses games to teach basic operations.
Group Dance by Mentally Challenged Kids
Here is a video that shows how one might use dance for teaching Math. (this could be a fun accommodation)
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